Category: Health & Fitness

Penderita diabetes sering mendengar bahwa mereka tidak boleh mengonsumsi makanan manis karena dapat menyebabkan lonjakan gula darah. Apakah madu angkak merupakan alternatif yang aman untuk gula dalam permen dan makanan ringan?

Kadar glukosa atau gula darah seseorang mengacu pada seberapa banyak gula yang ada dalam aliran darahnya. Gula merupakan sumber energi utama bagi tubuh.

Pankreas mengeluarkan insulin, suatu hormon, untuk menjaga kadar gula darah tetap aman. Pada penderita diabetes, tubuh tidak dapat menggunakan insulin dengan benar atau tidak dapat memproduksi insulin dalam jumlah yang cukup.

Sejauh mana madu memengaruhi penderita diabetes tidak pasti. Banyak laporan menunjukkan bahwa madu dapat efektif jika dikombinasikan dengan penderita diabetes tipe 2.

Apa itu madu?

Madu murni berawal dari nektar bunga. Setelah lebah mengumpulkan nektar, nektar tersebut akan terurai menjadi gula dasar yang disimpan lebah di sarangnya.

Sarang lebah memungkinkan nektar menguap, sehingga menghasilkan cairan berwarna gelap dan lengket. Ini adalah madu.

Madu, seperti jenis gula lainnya, merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang padat. Sebagian besar karbohidrat ini hadir dalam bentuk glukosa dan fruktosa, yang merupakan gula dasar.

Berbeda dengan gula putih olahan, madu juga mengandung vitamin, mineral, dan antioksidan.

Madu olahan vs. madu mentah

Sebagian besar madu yang tersedia saat ini diproses, artinya madu tersebut telah dipanaskan dan disaring oleh pabriknya. Hal ini menghilangkan sebagian nilai gizi madu dan potensi manfaat kesehatannya.

Namun, madu mentah mempertahankan khasiat ini. Misalnya, madu lokal mentah dapat membantu mengatasi alergi musiman.

Dokter kemungkinan besar tidak akan merekomendasikan beralih ke madu sebagai satu-satunya teknik pengobatan diabetes. Madu tidak menggantikan obat-obatan atau kebiasaan hidup yang aman.

Bayi yang berusia kurang dari 1 tahun tidak boleh mengonsumsi madu mentah. Hal itu dapat membuat mereka berisiko terkena botulisme, sejenis keracunan makanan yang dapat mengancam jiwa.

Nutrisi

Madu murni, seperti gula putih, adalah pemanis yang mengandung karbohidrat dan kalori.

Satu sendok makan madu, dengan berat sekitar 21 g, mengandung sekitar 64 kalori, sementara 21 g gula pasir putih menyediakan 80 kalori.

Volume madu biasanya meliputi:

3,59 g air

17,25 gr gula

11 miligram (mg) kalium

1 mg kalsium

1 mg fosfor

1 mg natrium

0,05 mg seng

0,1 mg vitamin C

Ia juga mengandung berbagai vitamin B.

Gula hampir tidak memiliki nutrisi lain.

Perbedaan utama antara gula putih dan madu adalah pencernaan. Tubuh memecah madu dengan menggunakan enzim yang terdapat dalam madu, sedangkan gula pencernaan mengandung enzim dari hati.

Perbedaan lebih lanjut terkait dengan GI. Rumus ini menguji sejauh mana satu karbohidrat meningkatkan kadar gula darah. Makanan dengan skor GI tinggi cenderung tumbuh dengan cepat dan dramatis tetapi memiliki sedikit manfaat gizi.

Menurut laporan yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018, madu memiliki skor GI 58, sedangkan gula memiliki skor GI 60.

Riset

Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa mengonsumsi madu dapat meningkatkan kadar insulin dan menurunkan kadar gula darah.

Kemungkinan dampak hipoglikemik

Penelitian baru dari tahun 2004 mengamati dampak madu dan gula pada kadar glukosa darah.

Penelitian ini mengamati bahwa larutan yang mengandung 75 gram madu meningkatkan kadar gula darah dan insulin pada orang dengan dan tanpa diabetes tipe 2 dalam waktu 30 menit. Larutan setara yang mengandung dekstrosa meningkatkan kadar gula darah sedikit lebih tinggi.

Setelah 2 jam, kadarnya menurun dan berkurang dan tetap lebih rendah pada kelompok madu dibandingkan dengan kelompok dekstrosa.

Peneliti mengusulkan bahwa madu dapat meningkatkan kadar insulin. Ini menjelaskan mengapa, meskipun kadar gula darah meningkat pada kedua kelompok, kadarnya semakin menurun pada kelompok madu.

Peningkatan pengukuran diabetes

Analisis tahun 2017 juga mengamati hubungan antara madu dan glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes.

Para ilmuwan menemukan bahwa hasil madu adalah sebagai berikut:

Madu mengurangi glukosa plasma puasa, yang diuji dokter setelah seseorang berpuasa setidaknya 8 jam.

Obat ini meningkatkan kadar peptida C puasa, yang memungkinkan pankreas mempelajari berapa banyak insulin yang harus disekresikan dan memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga kadar gula darah tetap stabil dalam kisaran aman.

Ini meningkatkan kadar C-peptida 2 jam pasca makan, yang menunjukkan jumlah peptida setelah seseorang makan.

Efek terapi masa depan

Pada tahun 2012, sebuah penelitian yang melibatkan 50 orang penderita diabetes tipe 1 menunjukkan bahwa, dibandingkan dengan sukrosa, madu cenderung tidak meningkatkan kadar gula darah. Tim peneliti berhipotesis bahwa suatu hari nanti, madu mungkin memiliki peran dalam pengobatan sel beta pankreas yang bertanggung jawab atas pengembangan insulin.

Pada tahun 2018, sebuah penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa madu dapat bermanfaat untuk pengobatan diabetes tipe 2, karena dapat memiliki efek hipoglikemik. Dengan kata lain, madu akan membantu menurunkan gula darah.

Namun, para peneliti memperingatkan bahwa penelitian lebih lanjut pada manusia dan penyelidikan jangka panjang akan diperlukan untuk mengonfirmasi efek ini dan menetapkan dosis yang bermanfaat.

Efek pada kadar glukosa darah jangka panjang

Analisis selama 8 minggu yang melibatkan 48 orang di Iran menemukan bahwa asupan madu tampaknya tidak meningkatkan kadar gula darah puasa. Peserta yang mengonsumsi madu mengalami penurunan berat badan dan kadar kolesterol darah.

Penelitian ini telah menguji kadar hemoglobin pada peserta. Hemoglobin adalah molekul yang menyediakan oksigen bagi sel-sel tubuh. Setelah glukosa mencapai tubuh, ia akan mengikat hemoglobin.

Dengan menghitung berapa banyak hemoglobin yang tercampur dengan glukosa dalam tes hemoglobin A1C, dokter akan mengukur kadar glukosa darah rata-rata seseorang selama tiga bulan terakhir.

Seseorang dengan hemoglobin A1C lebih tinggi memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena diabetes dan cenderung mengalami kontrol glukosa darah yang buruk.

Para peneliti memperhatikan bahwa partisipan dalam komunitas madu mengalami peningkatan hemoglobin A1c, yang mengindikasikan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah dalam jangka panjang. Inilah sebabnya mengapa tim menyarankan "penggunaan madu secara hati-hati" bagi penderita diabetes.

Sifat antimikroba dan antiinflamasi

Penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa madu dapat memiliki manfaat potensial karena mengandung efek antimikroba, antioksidan, dan antiperadangan.

Studi tahun 2017 meneliti kemungkinan peran madu dalam penyembuhan. Para penulis mencatat bahwa, pada penderita diabetes tipe 2, suatu hari nanti, dokter dapat menggunakan madu untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah, mengurangi risiko komplikasi yang terkait dengan diabetes dan penyakit metabolik, serta membantu penyembuhan luka.

Pada tahun 2014, para peneliti di Yunani melaporkan hasil serupa, yang menyatakan bahwa madu kemungkinan membantu memerangi mekanisme peradangan termasuk diabetes, aterosklerosis, dan penyakit kardiovaskular, yang keduanya merupakan karakteristik sindrom metabolik.

Melengkapi pengobatan diabetes

Penulis studi lain pada tahun 2014 melaporkan bahwa menggabungkan obat diabetes dengan madu bisa efektif dan meminta uji coba lebih lanjut untuk memvalidasi hasilnya.

Dapatkan tips apa pun di sini tentang cara alami untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin Anda.

Mengganti gula dengan madu untuk diabetes

Madu dapat menjadi pengganti yang baik untuk gula olahan seperti gula putih, gula turbinat, gula tebu dan gula bubuk.

Meskipun demikian, madu dapat digunakan dalam jumlah sedang oleh pria. Hal ini juga dapat menyebabkan peningkatan gula darah, terutama jika seseorang menggunakan madu sebagai tambahan, bukan sebagai pengganti, jenis gula lainnya.

Setiap petani memproduksi madu yang tidak murni dan dapat mengandung gula atau sirup buatan.

Penting juga untuk diingat bahwa madu mentah mungkin mengandung racun yang dapat menyebabkan botulisme atau mungkin berbahaya bagi bayi di bawah usia 1 tahun.

Meskipun madu mengandung nutrisi, makanan lain, seperti buah-buahan dan sayuran segar, memiliki sumber nutrisi yang lebih baik serta lebih banyak serat dan air, sehingga mengurangi kenaikan kadar gula darah.

Penderita diabetes dapat mengonsumsi pemanis sesedikit mungkin karena fluktuasi gula darah yang berulang akan memungkinkan diabetes berkembang lebih cepat.

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